SmartCards :: essays research papers

SmartCards What is a Smartcard A Smartcard is a standard credit card sized plastic card with an integrated circuit embedded in it. This integrated circuit includes a microprocessor and a bit of memory, which together hold information in electronic form and controls who uses the information and how they use it. The Smartcards ability to store and control many different types of information, as well as its large storage capacity, gives rise to several Smartcard applications. For example, a single Smartcard could take the place of a credit card, a debit card and even be used as an electronic purse to carry Electric-cash (E-cash). The plastic card itself can incorporate words and pictures or graphics printed on it which can be easily understood by the card holder as well as the people the card holder meets. The integrated circuit holds information in electronic form that can be easily, securely and accurately accessed by all sorts of electronic data processing equipment. Some Smartcards are smarter than others, the smartness of a card depends on the complexity of the embedded processor, as well as the software that is installed on the chip. Even the simplest cards, like the pay phone cards, are smart enough that they are virtually impossible to copy or falsify. However, the simplest Smartcards do not provide any security against unauthorized use. In other words, if you lose your pay phone card, anyone else can use it. There are of course smarter cards that provide such security by incorporating a password or even a biometric identifier such as a fingerprint to restrict its use to one person. The most sophisticated cards can manage several passwords and can use authentication and ciphering techniques to provide virtually total security. History behind Smartcards In January 1974 Roland Moreno, a Frenchman and former reporter, devised a revolutionary new payment system. His idea was an electronic stored value application mounted on a ring. His idea was simple, when the bearer needed money, they would 'load'; the currency onto the ring therefore enabling the bearer to be able to spend electronic money at a store which had the suitable electronic equipment. Then in March 1974 Roland presented his project to a few French banks where he demonstrated a transaction-taking place from the ring to the reading device. In September 1974 the first chip was mounted onto an epoxy card and this was the birth of 'Smartcards';. Then in the next few years Smartcards evolved and took on the size of a credit card.

Honor killingskillings Essay

It is shocking to see that in today’s era when education and awareness has become the most integral part of human and societal development. Moreover, women empowerment and their role in every walk of lives have changed over the period of time. There are still such hideous practices that are being done in some parts of the world under the disguised name of honor killing and Pakistan being one of the countries which holds the highest rates of honor killings in the world. Karo Kari another name for ignorance. This name originated from the rural areas of interior sindh. It is being practiced in areas of Sindh such as Jacocabad, Sukkur, Khairpur, and Larkana along with other areas of Sindh and some places in Punjab. THE TRIBAL SYSTEM Pakistani society is rich with multiple cultures and ethnic backgrounds. Each of these cultures and people from diversified ethnic groups come from distinct backgrounds and live together hence they have their own traditions and customs which they have been following since years. In the rural areas of Pakistan the tribal system still exists such as areas in the interior sindh. This is where the ‘jirga’ system or commonly known as the â€Å"panchayat† system exists. Under this system the rich and the influential class of the village tends to form a committee and takes decisions on behalf of everyone and the decision given by this group is bound to be accepted by every member of the society. They have their own way of judging the case and passing a verdict on that, they take their own time, they think over it and give the date for the decision. The lower and the poor working class is suppressed under this system as they don’t have any say in it and obliged to follow it. KARO KARI Karo Kari is practiced when the women of the family has brought dishonor to the family name by any means. This could be if the woman has any illicit relations with any man, or an extra marital affair, she could be a rape victim or even if she wants to get married to somebody of her choice she is brutally killed by one of the family members themselves in order to bring back the lost glory and name of the family. It is not just this that an innocent women can be categorized as Kari and killed it is also when the family and the brothers want to keep the property and resolve land disputes she becomes a victim of this murder, for example if a man owes some money to a person and that creditor comes to his place in order to collect the money to his place from another village and stays over night. The person who owes the money would kill his wife next day and declare her a Kari so that he doesn’t have to pay the money . in this way the creditor would choose to leave without taking the money rather being declared as Karo and being killed. Similarly a man can be declared a Karo even if he doesn’t have any kind of affair with a woman but he has any form of dispute with some other tribe and he’ll be killed under the name of honor killing. These killings tend to have the most inhuman ways of torturing some one and sentencing them to death. They will bury the girl alive recently in one of the states of Sindh, Khairpur; a girl was thrown in front of dogs to be torn apart as an act of hour killing. THE RISE IN THE NUMBER OF KILLINGS It is very depressing to see that the trend in the number of killings that has taken place due to this has increased over the years instead of dropping. It is estimated that over the last six years in Pakistan the number of deaths caused by Karo Kari have been more than six thousand which included around 800 men too, so it is not just women who fall for this, there are men too but their number is relatively lower than the women. Different societies have different people and thinking therefore they believe what they are doing is the right way but this practice of suppressing the right of women and taking her right to live is a murderous crime and contradictory to the teachings of Islam. It is that barbaric evil of the society that has to be eliminated completely. Even worse is the fact that the rich and influential class tends to get away with this practice while the poor are helpless and they become the victim. THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT As far as the government and other NGO’s are concerned then in the year 2004 there was an amendment made in the constitution which declared honor killings such as Karo Kari as equal to murder however, this amendment never came into practice because under another clause of the constitution it was stated that the accused can get away with the crime if one gets the consent of the family and in this case of Karo Kari the victims family itself is the one who are doing it therefore nobody can be put to trial as they don’t appear in the police station. It is the government’s duty to look into this matter and they should have made an alteration in the other amendment so that this brutal practice can be put to an end, however no concrete step has been taken to curb this. KARO KARI IS UNJUSTIFIABLE Karo Kari is a cultural shock to anyone who belongs to a civilized, developed and educated society and would condemn it. it is a murder not a punishment there could be any other ways of punishing one for their doings but such act is not justifiable on any grounds, it is barbaric and takes away the freedom of speech and expression. The dominating men in the â€Å"jirga† system have curbed the rights of women in these rural areas. It is actually the sardars who are the influential â€Å"waderas† who tend to encourage this practice as this increases their prestige in the society ,over that they get a compensation from the â€Å"jirga† too. Karo Kari is another name for ignorance, Islam has already restricted the Muslims and it has set punishments for the victim therefore any other act that is being practiced under its name is simply ignorance. In Islam having an illicit sexual relationship is condemned and the accused is whipped not subject to killing. How can one justify the killing of a woman who has been subjected to rape? By declaring such a women Kari and killing her society is depriving the soul from getting justice and instead of taking her out of that trauma one is putting an end to her life. Why are women accused more then men in Karo Kari, it is not that men are more faithful then women it is just that women are weak in these areas and men are strong that is why they are able to get away with it. These â€Å"jirga† have no right to take away the liberty to live from such people; they should work for the benefits of the society by coming to a conclusion on the basis of â€Å"shariah† not merely stay ignorant. Women are not property that their life is kept at stake to resolve land disputes. Moreover the killing is done in the most inhuman way. To bury some one alive, throwing her in front of dogs or to burn her alive is unjustifiable. Such practices were there in the olden days when there was no education and no awareness but it’s shocking that it still exists in our society and nobody has done anything to put an end to it. It is unjustly exploited by the feudal land lords and the elite class of the village who use Karo Kari to resolve their personal matters. One such incident took place when a native of interior Sindh came home after years of hard work from Dubai and brought money back home to start some form of business in his native land. He came in the eyes of the feudal lord due to his money and business. The opportunist wanted to trap him in the case of Karo Kari and he got the opportunity when the man by mistake prayed on the grave of some other women, thinking it to be his wife’s grave. The feudal lord took advantage of this and declared him a Karo; the man not only paid 15million to the land lord in order to save his life, he was kicked out of his home land and his business was taken away. There are many such instances when the influential people of the â€Å"panchayat† system tend to trap others for their own good and they use this practice of Karo Kari as a tool in order to get away with it. It is unfortunate to see that such murders are given the name of honor killings. THE URBAN AREAS VERSUS THE RURAL SETUP The tragedy with these women lies in the fact that they are born in such a set up and society where they are considered as a burden on the family. Girls still cannot compete with the boys and neither can they express their opinion. Sons are preferred over daughters. Daughters are not encouraged to go to school or get exposed to the outside world. Therefore their thinking is confined to just one place. They are expected to do what they are asked for and nothing else. Lives in the urban areas are an extreme opposite view of this. If one may not go far and compare with places in the similar province such as Karachi. The region is developed and modern. It is a cosmopolitan city and comprises of people from all caste, color and creed and they all share different cultures and languages and live altogether. Women here are educated and empowered like never before. They are independent, focused and know exactly what they want out of their lives. They are working as well as having a family and they are doing well in every walk of lives and competing with men. They take their own decisions. The living and culture of these societies varies from the rural areas actually there is no comparison. The two societies share the same religion and language yet again there are differences of opinions and thinking process. The urban life of Karachi is mush more modern and liberal as they are adopting the western culture in their society. Apart from the right to go out or make money, women can dress up the way she wants, socialize, make friends and do whatever she wants to. Girls are actually encouraged to go and study in co education and moreover sent abroad for further education and their families and relatives support them in this. In these urban areas there is no such thing as ‘jirga system. Life is different here justice drawn through legal courts and with the help of police. A rape victim can go to the police and lodge a complaint against the culprit and she has the right to live and fight for her right and nobody can stop her. All kinds of disputes pertaining to property, ownership, marriage or anything are resolved through legal procedure in the courts. After the age of eighteen years the girl and the boy have the right to choose her own life partner and get married to him legally. The concept of honor killings does not exist in these urban areas. This society has its own set of evils and drawbacks such as poverty, corruption, unemployment, terrorism. Women in urban areas are as influential and resourceful then men that they can not be dominated unjustly. Tribal system is a sign of backwardness and illiteracy and refusal to accept this fact is what is leading to what it is today. These two societies have completely different set of values, cultures, traditions and norms that they follow. The living and lifestyles of these people are also different. In the urban areas there are also powerful and influential people who tend to subjugate the weaker class, however that is done in entire different way where the free will of everyone is not included like the â€Å"jirga† system where everyone is bound to listen to them? Life in the urban society has made men and women strong and independent that’s the way they are brought up, whereas the tribal system has put them in a much weaker stand. The practice of Karo Kari is a social issue and it can not come to an end until there is no change in the social structure of the society and in order to change to be there, there has to be awareness and education and the powers of the rich and the land lords needs to be curbed so that they don’t exploit the common man who work for them as their slaves. It should not be encouraged but since it has been following from years and the people in the villages associate it as a matter of prestige and honor that is why is strongly accepted and being followed. It is not being used in villages to make easy money. The men’s of the family tend to kill their own daughter, wives and sisters ruthlessly in order to make easy money. it is actually depressing to see this that in today’s time such type of unjust ways of killings are taking place by the wrongdoers and they are justified on the basis of honor killings. 60% cases of the cases of Karo Kari are reported to be where the accused were innocent and yet killed. Every society and every religion have their own set of limitations which are known to all. Yet again those are not being followed that doesn’t mean that one can make use of it and exploit it on the basis of â€Å"ghayrat†. There are officials in the government who haven’t done anything to stop this practice because they feel it is not wrong, not only men, there are women who are seen in the political setup who have the ability to do something, yet are not doing anything. There are different cultures and people living in one country and each of them have their own problems and drawbacks. Whereas in one province one woman can get married by giving a divorce to her husband and in the other society she is buried alive if she has her own opinion. This tribal system has gone so worse that the people who live under it fear their death and therefore few try to escape and the ones who have money give that and get away with everything. Even if people try to escape these killings the villagers look for them and they kill them whenever and wherever they find them. Education is the key in all this that can reduce the gap and disparity among the two societies and give everyone the freedom to live as an independent citizen. ohou Key words Honor killings in Pakistan Karo Kari and the tribal system Women empowerment

A Report On The Crime On Children - 1291 Words

The crime on which the paper will focus involved a couple that was arrested for causing injury to their child aged thirteen. Christi Howell and Casey Shackleford were both accused of tying their son’s genitals with a rope and waterboarding the boy (Boroff, 2016). According to the case, the couple was charged with injury to a child. Shackleford had additional charges for violating parole regulations that required him not to harm a family member or engage in violence (Boroff, 2016). The boy said that the reason for the punishment was that the boy inappropriately touched a dog. The boy said that Shackleford told his mother to pour water over the boy’s head while he held a towel to the kid’s face. He then told the boy’s mother to tie the†¦show more content†¦The functionalist idea about sexuality is that the family is the primary institution that controls or regulates sexual indulgence. The idea thus does supports the perception that pre-marital and extra-marital sex is against the norm. The symbolic interactionism perspective, however, adopts the concept that the society is a result of the daily interactions between individuals in the society. Structural functional and symbolic interaction are sociological paradigms that may help to analyze the crime case above. From Structural functionalism view, the crime is justified as the father (Shackleford) and the mother (Christi) played the role of the family in correcting socially unaccepted behavior. The government institutions also played their role in altering the couples’ actions. The crime thus helped to point out the socially unacceptable actions based on the events in the case. The symbolic interaction theory may justify the child’s actions to be acquired from his cultural environment. Moreover, Shackleford’s behaviors were probably influenced by his company especially having been arrested before. Christi and Shackleford’s society values masculinity and the sexual orientation considered as the norm is heterosexuality. The general opinion concerning homosexuality or unusual sexual behaviors in Christi’s dominant culture is that it is related to mental instability or certain

Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances - 654 Words

There are both similarities and differences, when referring to checks and balances and separation of powers. Both have to do with the Government. But separation of powers is a model of government in which different parts of the government are in charge of different tasks; in the United States, these parts are known as the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial. Checks and balances is a means of trying to ensure that these three parts of government stay equal, and that one does not try to take over another. Separation of powers was first introduced as a government model in ancient Greece, and was used largely in the Roman republic. Under this Government model, the state is divided into separate and independent entities. The normal†¦show more content†¦Checks and balances does not separate the powers, rather it expands off of it. Checks and balances gives each entity of government a different advantage over the other. Some examples are: 1. The president can veto laws, but congress can overrule the veto with 2/3rd vote. 2. The president and congress could agree on a law, but the supreme court can rule it unconstitutional. 3. Congress can pass laws, but the president has the option to veto them. 4. The president can appoint judges and other officials, but the senate must approve of them first. There are many real life examples of checks and balances being used in the US. Take Andrew Jackson for example. He vetoed over 20 bills after the civil war! Another one would be in 1936, when the Supreme Court declared the NIRA and the AAA, which were 2 new deal programs passed during the Roosevelt administration unconstitutional. After the civil war, congress also overrode over 20 presidential votes! There are no clear similarities and differences between separation of powers and checks and balances, because checks and balances expand off of the idea of separation of powers. Checks and balances relies on the idea of separation of powers,Show MoreRelatedSeparation Of Powers And Checks And Balances1144 Words   |  5 Pagesframers believed that their government should be based on the separation of powers and checks and balances. This term of separation of powers was coined by Baron de Montesquieu, a French enlightenment writer. For the framers this idea of having separation of powers was mainly to avoid having the majority ruling with a strong hand. They avoided giving any branch of what was now their new government too much power. This idea of separation of powers by the framers was also because they believed that a governmentRead MoreThe Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances Essay518 Words   |  3 PagesThe separation of powers and checks and balances is a system that was created in America by the founding fathers in the constitution of the United States. The separation of power plays an important role of keeping the three branches which are legislative, executive, and judicial in the government systems equal to one another and that neither branches becomes too powerful. Each branch has its very own power and duties to serve to the people and government. All three branches play a significant roleRead MoreThe Theory, Separation Of Powers With Checks And Balances, And Divided Government1456 Words   |  6 PagesWhy is it so difficult to accomplish anything in American government? The answer lies within three features of American government: the Hyperpluralist theory, separation of powers with checks and balances, and divided government. All these aspects of government result in gridlock, â€Å"a condition that occurs when interests conflict and no coalition is strong enough to form a majority and establish policy, so nothing gets done† (19 ). The first element of government that halts progress in America isRead MoreFederalism, Separation Of Powers, Checks And Balances And The Bill Of Rights1208 Words   |  5 Pages Federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances and the bill of rights are the four main elements that the constitution is made up of. All four of these elements are what made the constitution strong, lasting over two hundred years. Three separate branches were created that had their own specific powers. The government was then given the power to tax and enforce its laws. The structure of how this one document has governed is what makes the constitution unique. The U.S. constitution establishedRead MoreWhy Did the Founding Fathers Create a Constitution Based on the Ideas of Separation of Powers, Checks and Balances, Federalism and the Bill of Rights?1533 Words   |  7 Pagesconstitution based on the ideas of separation of powers, checks and balances, federalism and the bill of rights? The founding fathers wanted to create a constitution because many believed that the national government had to be stronger than what it had been with the use of the Articles of Confederation. But at the same time they were fearful of human nature and how often it could be seen in the history of other countries such as Britain, for people in the position of power to infringe on the rights ofRead MoreSystem of Checks and Balances in America Essay1215 Words   |  5 PagesConstitution creates separation of power by dividing the government into three separate branches. These branches include the executive branch, the bicameral legislative branch and judicial branch. In order to ensure that no branch were to overpower the other two branches, the forefathers of the United States of America created a system of checks and balances. Because the United States of America Constitution created the separation of power that is supported by a system of checks and balances, the United StatesRead Mor eThe Constitution Defends a Tyranny-free Government773 Words   |  3 PagesConstitution defends against tyranny are federalism, separation of powers, and checks and balances. Federalism is one of the ways that helps defend against tyranny. Federalism granted powers to the central government and to the state. They share a portion of the powers between them, as shown in the diagram, like the power to take and borrow money (Doc A). With overlapping powers, neither groups would have complete control, yet would retain enough power to subdue any uprising made by the other party.Read MoreEssay on Separation of Powers in the US Government877 Words   |  4 PagesThe separation of power throughout the united states government prevents one part of the government from becoming so strong that it can infringe on the freedom of the governed (Bernstein 24). The united states government is a representative republic. A representative republic is a type of democracy where the people elect representatives to vote for them in the nations matters, rather than having every person vote on every single election and issue. The U.S. government is separated into three mainRead Mor eEu - Separation of Power?1629 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay I shall attempt to analyse whether the separation of powers is respected in the attribution of competences within the European Union. The separation of powers In order to assess this question we first have to consider what the doctrine of separation of powers actually is. The idea was developed by the French jurist Montesquieu in the 18th Century. It is based on a division of power between the legislature, the executive and the judiciary. Each institution have their distinct and largelyRead MoreThe Separation of Powers Doctrine Essay1040 Words   |  5 PagesThe Separation of Powers Doctrine The Separation of Powers Doctrine can be traced as far back as ancient Greece and essentially the meaning attributed to it is the dividing functions of government between groups with different interests, so that no power in the centre can act without the cooperation of others. However there are many interpretations of the doctrine, one being that of Aristotle, who favoured the division of power according to class interests of the

The Emperor and the Kite. - 3868 Words

The emperor and the kite. TITLE: The emperor and the kite. AUTHOR: Jane Yolein CHARACTER: Djeow Seow, Emperor, Father SETTING: China PLOT: Once in ancient China, there lived a princess who was the fourth daughter of the emperor. She was very tiny. In fact, she was so tiny that she was named Djeow Seow, which means â€Å"The Smallest One†. Because she was so tiny, she was not thought very much of. But then, he was a monk and given to such thoughts as for Princess Djeow Seow, she thanked him each day for his prayer. Then she went back to flying her toys. For the wind can trouble the water of a still pond. And there were evil men plotting against the emperor. Then they road back to the place and declared that the emperor was dead. And so†¦show more content†¦Sick at heart, he returned to the mountains. Meanwhile, Major Buford traced Chad’s parentage to a missing Buford relative. The boy returned to school and distinguished himself in college, got engaged to Margaret, then enlisted with the U.S. Army during the civil war. He achieved dangerous exploits, even served his enemy, Daniel Dean, Melissa, still in love with Chad, and risked her life to warm him of impending danger. She died because of the hardships she underwent. After the war, Chad returned to Lexington a Major and he and Margaret were married. VI. COMMENT: A faithful Portugal or portrayal of the American civil-war Oven into the threads of a Kentucky love story. Chad is a lovable character, Margaret is an admirable girl; only if it is a pity Melissa, who loved Chad better had to die the novel has maturely charm and great realism. TITLE: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs AUTHORS: Abby Alonzo Tina Francisco Redge Bayani SETTING: In a Faraway Castle CHARACTERS: Snow White, Prince Seven Dwarfs: * Dinky * Zappy * Juney * Amery * Revy * Bebsy * Dreamy Snow White Stepmother / Witch One of the Witch servants Mirror SUMMARY: Once upon a time, there was a princess who lived in a faraway castle. Her queen mother called her Snow white because she was as white as snow. She was still a baby when her mother died. The king married another woman, who unknown to him was a witch. The step mother of Snow white was so vain.Show MoreRelatedThe Kite Runner1069 Words   |  5 PagesWhat role did assef play in The Kite Runner? antagonist Who is rahim khan in The Kite Runner? Rahim Khan is Babas business partner and best friend. What is the mood of The Kite Runner? The mood of one flying a kite i would say is optimistic. Flying a kite doesnt always go as planned. What disease did Ali have in The Kite Runner? Parkinsons. What did Baba decide to construct and pay for in The Kite Runner? An orphanage How was amir responsible for the flight of ali and hassan? Read MoreHistory of the Temple of Heaven717 Words   |  3 Pagesreign of Emperor Yongle. All subsequent Emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties used it. (David Leffman) The emperor was regarded as the Son of Heaven, the intermediary between Earth and Heaven. (David Leffman) Sacrifices to heaven were extremely important, to indicates His respect and dedication to the source of His authority. The most important ceremony occurred when the emperor prayed for good harvest, and took place on winter solstice. (David Leffman) After three days of fasting, the emperor and hisRead MoreThe, The Road, And The Original Trilogy Of Star Wars1406 Words   |  6 Pagesthose who can act in the highest moral standards regardless of what is instinctual as well as forced by the environment are the â€Å"heroes,† or people embodying the purest virtues of humanity. 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If it weren’t for these educational and administrative reformsRead MoreThe Origin And Discoveries Of Electricity And Magnetism1044 Words   |  5 Pages In the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research in electricity, even to the point of selling his possessions to fund his own work. In June 1752 he reputed to have attached a metal key to the bottom of a dampened kite string and flown the kite in a stormy night. A succession of sparks jumping from the key to the back of his hand indicated that lightning was very much electrical in nature.6 Michael Faraday s discoveries formed the primary building blocks of electric motor advancesRead MoreThe Origin Of Electricity And Magnetism1023 Words   |  5 Pages In the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research in electricity, even to the point of selling his possessions to fund his own work. 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Change Management for Business Management - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theChange Management for Business Management Practice. Answer: Main Issues in the Study The main issue in the organization involves a change of the department manager, who implemented changes in policies and resulting changes in staff behavior and attitude towards their job. When Jeff took over as a department manager, he was informed that the staff enjoyed their jobs, took the initiative, and were proactive in finding solutions that affected the company. They even went beyond what were expected of them to ensure that things run smoothly in the store. However, two months into taking over his position, Jeff has noticed reluctance among staff in carrying out basic requirements of their positions, giving short notice sick offs, and a general lack of interest in their job. Why Staff may Have Changed their Attitude First I think the problem was in the way the changes in policies at the store were implemented. First, the changes were implemented over a short period which may have resulted in resistance among the staff. Resistance is being portrayed by the sudden change of attitude and lack of interest among the staff. The company may also have failed to engage in a mutual engagement process with its staff where participatory dialogue is built among staff in each level. The manager failed to use a mechanism that would see all staff participate in giving their views on the policy changes that the manager had drafted. The face of change that was implemented failed to target the behaviors of employees in ensuring that their capabilities were enhanced (Brooks, 2006). The changes that the manager implemented are not effective; he failed in building a relationship and trust between himself and the employees of the company. Step by Step Plan of what Jeff should do Jeff should use the Kotter and Schlesinger Model to review the changes of behavior or rather the resistance from the staff. This model expresses the six change approaches to deal with resistance to organizational change. Jeff should then suspend implementation of policy changes. He should come up with a policy implementation plan. Before implementing the policy changes, he should first engage in a mutual engagement process with the staff. This is a requirement of the change process which has an effect on successful policy change implementation at the store. The changes at the store should be implemented in the form of top-down structure. Jeff should use Lewins change model, to assess the context of the changes for each implementation stage. The changes should be implemented in stages over a prolonged period which would minimize or eliminate resistance among the employees who were affected (Shyns, 2011). After the implementation, the company should continue to monitor the effect of the change and the performance of the employees. The successful policy change would increase growth for the store. Work Plan Objectives and Goals The objectives and goals of this work plan will focus on ensuring that the staff executes their daily operations smoothly and gladly. To design a new strategic aligned behavior by defining the roles and responsibilities of each employee and relationships between them. Provide help to employees by providing mentoring and training programs To determine skills and talent management in the company among its staff Design systems and structures through the relationships reported, compensations, information compiled and measurements control done. Facilitate coordination and communication among staff both at the senior level and lower level. Work Plan Structure Role Responsibilities Participant(s) Department Manager Final decision-maker Vision bearer and providing guidance Review and approval of projects Approves main funding Jeff Graham Accounts Officers Carries financial allocation to department resources Advice on resource allocation strategies. Gives financial guidance to the Department Manager Manages the annual budget Christine Crouch James Warren Customer Executives Resolves conflicts Manages the store in accordance with the companys objectives Serves as the link between the company and customers Handles challenge resolution Debbie Whitson Sanjay Gupta Sarah Smith Marketing Officers Market the stores products Supervises the vendors Communicate customer's needs and complaints to the department leader. Act as intermediaries for securing more customers. Jenna Autuori-Dedic Christine Freytag Obi Obadike Lewis Kyle IT Specify how staff will transit from the existing system to the new electronic system Follow-up of the implementation of the new system to identify areas of success and concern. Provide recommendations and ways to get rid of project barriers Bob Harper Timeframes The following represent timeframes for the implementation project plan of the policy changes in the store: Task Duration Projected Start Date Projected Ending Date Project Size Estimation of the implementation project schedule 2 days 10-5-2017 12-5-2017 Determining the first Interface 1 day 22-5-2017 23-5-2017 Work Plan Definition 3 days 23-5-2017 27-5-2017 Estimation of cost 1 day 27-5-2017 28-5-2017 Timeframe Estimation 2 days 28-5-2017 29-5-2017 Staffing 6 days 2-6-2017 8-6-2017 Selecting the Implementation Committee 2 days 29-5-2017 31-5-2017 Briefing the Committee 1 day 29-5-2017 30-5-2017 Implementation Project Management Defining the implementation program 1 day 2-6-2017 3-6-2017 Implementing the first stage 3 days 3-6-2017 7-6-2017 Performance Indicators for all Positions A weighted performance scorecard measurement system will be used to carry out the performance measures for all the positions in the store. The stores performance dimensions are the noted as the parameters while the stores level of measurement will be either store, corporate or regional. Frequencies of measurement are depicted either in quarterly, annual or six months; Accounts Office Parameter Measurement Level Frequency Return on invested capital Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) divided by value of equivalents and leaseholds corporate quarter Controllable Input Gross profit less labor expense and utilities store quarter Gross Profit Growth Taken as from previous years quarter store quarterly Sales level of growth Sales took as in the prior year quarter store quarterly basis Customers Executive Office Parameter Measurement Level Frequency Loyalty Customer executives will visit suppliers based on customer survey Corporate Quarterly Main Convenience Store Primary convenience store will be determined based on customer survey Corporate Quarterly New Product Experience New products determined based on the customer survey Corporate Quarterly Managers Office Parameter Measurement Level Frequency Employee Satisfaction Review survey to promote employee satisfaction Corporate Every six months Operational Excellence Review audit reports determining stores basic standards of operation Store Quarterly Promoting customer preferences Review appraisal reports ensuring implementation complies with consumer preference standards Store level Quarterly-based IT Office Parameter Measurement Level Frequency Information system utilization Departmental manager will evaluate office technological recommendations Store 6 months Sources: (Banker, et al. 2010) Risk Analysis There is certainly no way to eliminate risk from the operations of an organization. This is because risk involves those decisions that involve something that has yet to happen. In such a scenario, we do not know all the facts in regard to the decisions we are making which means that there will always be a risk. Risk should be continuously identified and assessed by the leadership (Barney Hesterly, 2006). The departmental leadership should come up with alleviation approaches to promote risk elimination. The identified risks should be open to amendment by the departmental manager then updated across the financial year of the store. Examples of risk that may occur in the store include governance risks, operational risks, financial risks, external risks and risks that involve compliance with law and regulation (Ward Chapmen, 2013). Risk Assessment Template Activities Your activity name Associated Risk(s) Severity Probability Risk Score Daily operations 1. Damaging Stores property 2. Competition sparks with competitors 1. Negligible 2. Negligible 1. Low 2. Low 1. Low (1) 2. Low (1) Team building 1. Bodily Injury to participants 1. Critical 1. Low 1. Medium (6) Transport 1. Auto Accident 1. Catastrophic 1. Low 1. High (10) IT operations 1. System crashing down 1. Critical 1. Low 1. High Ethical Considerations and Code of Conduct Ethical considerations are the norms and standards that distinguish between bad and good as well as guides a person whether to do something or refrain from doing. The code of conducts are those directions that are laid down by an organization or company so that the staff know how to act when encountered with different situations in their daily operations (Ward Chapmen, 2013). Customer Relations: Regarding customer relations, the company will ensure that the work plan is developed in a way that does not alter with good customer relations. The code of conduct will be that no staff will leave a customer unserved because they were busy. Service to the customer will be a priority especially for the customer executives that have direct contact with the clients. Employee Relations: When developing the work plan staff welfare will be put into consideration. The plan will be discussed freely with all staff where they will be allowed to give their feelings and suggestions concerning the plan. This is to ensure that everyone is satisfied with their work Social Responsibility: The work plan will provide avenues for time for social responsibility. Social responsibility will ensure favorable publicity and recognition by the community. This is based on the recognition that the company has a social responsibility of enhancing the well-being of the community by such actions as preserving the environment and engaging in community-based welfare programs. Legal Considerations The work plan will be developed in a way that it aligns with the law of the land. Ethical consideration will involve ensuring that the actions of the company align with the legal requirements of government agents. Professionalism: The staff will be required to carry out themselves in a way that maintains the integrity and public confidence. References Baker, E. L. (2011). The Management Moment: Emotional Intelligence in the Workplace. Journal of Business Management Practice. Volume 13 Issue 1. Banker, R. D., H. Chang, and M. Pizzini. (2010). The Balanced Scorecard: Judgemental Effects of Performance Measures Linked to Strategy. The Accounting Review 79 (1). Barney, J. B., Hesterly, W. S. (2006). Strategic management and competitive advantage: Concepts and cases. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Brooks, I., (2006) Organizational Behaviour: Individuals, Groups and the Organization (2nd ed). London. Pitman Publishing. Krause, F., (2009). Management decision making: Enquire within. Retrieved https://www.enquirewithin.co.nz/organizational_culture.htm Mullins, L.J., (2007) Essentials of Organizational Behaviour. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Prentice Hall. Shyns, B. (2011). The relationship between employees: self-monitoring and occupational self-efficacy and transformational leadership. Current research in social psychology, 7 (3). pp. 30-42. Ward, S. and Chapmen, C. (2013), Transforming project risk management into project uncertainty management. International Journal of Project Management. 21 (2). pp. 97-105

The Revenue free essay sample

Since Gavin was, a successful pharmacist and Stanley had in site on a great discovery this could be something great. They set up a small laboratory on the balcony of Mr. Herberts drugstore in Los Angeles to make the solution, which they named ALLERGAN ® Nasal Drops. Allergan has become a company not just for eyes but they also have patents for conditions, such as cervical, medical dermatology (Allergan Inc. , 2012) THE SUCCESS OF ALLERGAN 3 Assess how globalization and technology changes have impacted the corporation you researched. With approximately 10,500 employees and a presence in more than 100 countries, we work hard to make sure our products reach the people who need and want them worldwide. (Allergan 2012). Allergan has branched out into other treatments besides the eye care of dry eye, glaucoma, and other eye conditions. Now they treat cervical dystonia, which is breast asester blepharospasm, strabismus, upper limp spasticity, and facials. They also specialize in medical dermatology such as acne, psoriasis, severe primary axillary, hyperhidrosis, inadequately managed with urocogics and over active bladder and urinary incontinence. We will write a custom essay sample on The Revenue or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With Allergan having, a diverse approached helped how globalization and technology has impacted the company, based on their patent products that helps people live better and feel better. When needs are not meet they make sure they go beyond what is expected of them to keep up with the technology of the different products. Allergan has a partnership with the medical community. Having these partnerships helps the company come up with their own thoughts and insight of customer satisfaction by improving their product based their customer’s outcome. They provide customers with the tools and education needed to keep them updated on the latest information so the customer can informed their doctor of any decisions they make. (Allergan 2012) SUCCESS OF ALLERGON 4 Apply the industrial organization model and the resource-based model to determine how your corporation could earn above-average returns. According to Strategic Management 10th edition, 2013 above average returns were earned when firms are able to effectively study the external environment as the foundation of identifying an attractive industry. Hebert’s friend Stanley Bly sought to implement a strategy to reduce competitive rivalry and form a joint venture. Joint ventures increase profitability in this company. As stated below based on the 2012 annual report sales is expected to increase in the future and helps the company earn an above average return. For the full year of 2012, Allergan expects total product net sales between $5,650 million and $5,800 million. Total specialty pharmaceuticals net sales between $4,740 million and $4,850 million. Total medical devices net sales between $910 million and $950 million. ALPHAGAN ® franchise product net sales between $420 million and $440 million. LUMIGAN ® franchise product net sales between $620 million and $640 million. Restasis product net sales were between $750 million and $780 million. Botox product net sales were between $1,760 million and $1,800 million. Latisse product net sale were at approximately $100 million. Breast aesthetics product net was between $360 million and $380 million. Obesity intervention product net sales were at approximately $170 million. Facial aesthetics product net sales were between $380 million and $400 million. Non-GAAP cost of sales to product net sales ratio at approximately 14%. Non-GAAP was other revenue at approximately $90 million. Non-GAAP selling, general and administrative expenses to product net sales ratio at approximately 39%. Non-GAAP research and development expenses to product net sales ratio at approximately 16%. SUCCESS OF ALLERGAN 5 Non-GAAP amortization of acquired intangible assets was at approximately $25 million. This expectation excludes the amortization of certain acquired intangible assets associated with business combinations, asset purchases and product licenses. Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share attributable to stockholders between $4. 15 and $4. 19. Diluted shares were outstanding at approximately 308 million. Effective tax rate on non-GAAP earnings were at approximately 28%. For the third quarter of 2012, Allergan expects total product net sales between $1,370 million and $1,445 million. Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share attributable to stockholders between $1. 02 and $1. 04. (Allergan Report Second Quarter 2012) Allergans executive team comes together to collaborate by understanding and meeting the needs of patients. The team accommodates the needs of the patients that are not meet. â€Å"When fiscal, social and corporate responsibility, and listening to employees we share a unified vision of what it means to bring the best of medicine to life. We actualize this vision through the execution of our strategic objectives as a company, and consider it realized when innovative ideas are translated into products that make life better†. (Allergan 2012) SUCCESS OF ALLERGAN 6 Assess how the vision statement and mission statement of the corporation influence its overall success. The vision of this company is to meet with the medical specialists to find out needs that were not meet and to make a commitment to patience. They strategize their objective as a company and try to come up with new ideas that make their products better for their patients. â€Å"In partnership with the medical community, we bring to bear scientific excellence and rigor to deliver leading products that improve patient outcomes Customer Focus Every action we take is with an eye on the â€Å"Three P’s†: The patients who benefit from our products, the physicians who trust our products and the payers who recognize the value of our products. Impact We make an impact – going the extra distance to get the very best results, applying the highest standards to all that we do. People + Passion We succeed primarily through our people, whose talent brings quality to our work and whose passion brings commitment – not just from processes and structures alone. Collaboration We are committed to sharing our knowledge and collaborating as a team to reach common goals. We promote and encourage different personal and cultural perspectives that drive new thinking. Innovation We are uncomfortable with the status quo. We adapt, we improve, we have the courage to thoughtfully take risks as a team and seize new opportunities – for the company and ourselves. Integrity We get results the right way, without cutting corners. We are transparent, clear and respectful in our dealings with customers, co-workers and partners† (Allergan 2012) SUCCESS OF ALLERGAN 7 Evaluate how each category of stakeholder impact the overall success of this corporation. Stakeholders â€Å"Today, we have approximately 10,500 highly dedicated and talented employees, global marketing and sales capabilities. With a presence in more than 100 countries, a rich and ever-evolving portfolio of pharmaceuticals, biologics, medical devices and over-the-counter consumer products, and state-of-the-art resources in Ramp;D, manufacturing and safety surveillance that help millions of patients see more clearly, move more freely and express themselves more fully. (The World of Allergan) Allergan capital market shareholders have major suppliers like Bank of America, Merril Lynch, and Wells Fargo. The product market stakeholders are the customers that Allergan meets the needs of when others cannot meet it. Their supplies are Ramp;D who staffing demands has grown since being outside the US has grown by 20 percent in the last couple of years. Based off the company wanting the best product for the best prices for the good and services they provide. This also keeps the customer and the stakeholder happy. Organizational Stakeholders; they also support local market development by temporarily having their employees in start-up markets and soon move to a more advanced one. The executive leadership committees reward their employees with a Hidden Gem Award, quarterly. This award program recognizes and rewards employees who embody Allergans spirit of innovation and serve as an example and inspiration to their fellow colleagues†. They also reward those who are contributing to the business. (Allergan 2012) SUCCESS OF ALLERGON 8 Reference (2009). Allergan Inc. Innovative Sourcing for an Innovative Company, Clarkson Consulting. www. allerganviews. co Pyott, David. (2012) Allergan Performance Re port